When I started working at VisualLabs, during the first WSM (weekly standup meeting) where each business division reports on their current weekly tasks, I noticed how many abbreviations we use. As a member of the ERP team, I wondered if we know exactly how these abbreviations came about and what they stand for.

The term ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) is familiar to everyone today, but few know its exact origins and development path. Therefore, I decided to gather information on where it started and the major milestones that helped shape the ERP systems we know today. Looking back in time, we will realize how deeply this technology is rooted in the modern business world.

In this blog, I have compiled seven milestones that contributed to the development of the ERP system as we know it today.

In today’s world, it would be unimaginable for a company not to use some kind of computer system for its various processes. However, before the advent of computers, companies had to manage these processes (be it accounting or production planning) using some methods. Take accounting, for example. Accountants recorded every financial transaction manually on paper in different books, which they managed daily and monthly. It is hard to imagine that companies often had rooms full of (main) books and files, each containing dozens of transactions. At the center of it all was the accountants’ most precious asset, the general ledger. It is daunting to think about how much work the year-end closing process entailed and how many errors could occur during this process.

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1. Birth of Computers (1950s):

In the 1950s, with the birth of computers – theoretically founded by John von Neumann – a new dimension opened up in the operation of companies and the transformation of their processes. Although these computers were primarily used in the military and scientific fields in the 50s – due to their large size and cost – continuous technological developments soon brought them into the business world. These devices allowed faster data processing and analysis and helped automate business activities.

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2. Inventory Management and Control (1960s):

One of the first milestones in recognizing the potential of computers for business opportunities stretches back to the 1960s. The manufacturing industry realized the need for a system that would enable inventory management, monitoring, and control. The emergence of information technology allowed companies to integrate and automate their business processes. As a result, they improved the efficiency and accuracy of inventory management. This was one of the first steps toward developing ERP systems.

3. Material Requirements Planning (MRP I, 1970s)

The concept of MRP (Material Requirements Planning) first appeared in 1970 and fundamentally represented a software-based approach to planning and controlling manufacturing processes. MRP’s application primarily focused on planning and tracking material requirements. This approach allowed companies to predict more accurately the type and amount of materials needed during production processes. With MRP, companies could manage material procurement and production scheduling more effectively, reducing losses from over- or underestimation. This innovation had a significant impact on the manufacturing industry and fundamentally transformed companies’ material planning processes. This approach contributed to increased efficiency and competitiveness of manufacturing companies in the 1970s.

4. Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II, 1980s): The 1980s marked a significant milestone with the advent of MRP II systems. While MRP focused solely on the inventories and materials needed based on real or forecasted customer demands, MRP II provided greater insight into all other manufacturing resources. By extending manufacturing planning beyond materials to include labor, machinery, and other production resources, it gave companies much greater control over their manufacturing processes.

5. Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP, 1990s): In the 1990s, the first true ERP systems were introduced. (The term ERP itself was coined by the research firm Gartner in the 1990s.) ERP systems represented a significant advancement compared to MRP II systems as they focused not only on manufacturing but also on the full integration and automation of business processes. Such processes included procurement, sales, finance, human resources, and accounting. With full integration, companies could manage their business processes in a unified database, offering numerous advantages. The unified storage and management of information ensured access to accurate, up-to-date data, improving decision-making and efficiency. The connected business areas helped formulate and implement unified strategies. As a result, the ERP system became a “one-stop solution” that managed all company information.

6. Web-Based Functionalities with the Rise of the Internet (ERP II, 2000s): In the mid-2000s, as the internet’s role grew in the business world, ERP systems also adapted to this change. Systems began incorporating customer relationship management (CRM) and supply chain management (SCM) functionalities. ERP II emphasized user-friendly interfaces and customization. Modular systems were developed, allowing businesses to select and implement the components most relevant to their operations.

7. Cloud-Based ERP (2010s): In the 2010s, the emergence of cloud technology added a new dimension to ERP systems. Cloud-based ERP solutions allowed companies to store and run their ERP systems in the cloud instead of traditional “on-premise” installations. This offered significant advantages, including greater flexibility, lower costs, and easier access to critical data. With cloud-based ERP systems, companies no longer had to worry about server maintenance or software updates, as these tasks were handled by their providers. This allowed companies to focus on their business goals and processes while ensuring their system was always up-to-date and accessible.

+1 The Future of ERP: So where is the development of ERP systems headed today? With intelligent algorithms and artificial intelligence, systems are increasingly able to automate and optimize business processes, reducing the need for human intervention. Data will continue to play a key role in the future, as more efficient analysis of data enables companies to make better business decisions. The integration of ERP systems with various IoT devices allows real-time data exchange, providing companies with quicker and more accurate answers to support different business questions.

ERP systems are also increasingly providing personalized user experiences and offering expandable integrations with other business applications and technologies. In the future, ERP systems will not just function as tools but will provide true business intelligence and competitiveness, helping companies keep pace with the rapidly changing business environment and stand out from their competitors.

Are you exploring the world of ERP systems? Visual Labs can help you uncover the possibilities within.

Sources:

https://www.geniuserp.com/resources/blog/a-brief-history-of-erps https://www.fortunetechnologyllc.com/history-of-erp-systems/ https://www.geniuserp.com/resources/blog/a-brief-history-of-erps
https://www.erp-information.com/history-of-erp.html#google_vignette https://www.techtarget.com/searcherp/tip/MRP-vs-MRP-II-Learn-the-differences https://www.business-case-analysis.com/account.html https://www.britannica.com/technology/computer/IBM-develops-FORTRAN https://business.joellemena.com/business/when-did-computers-start-being-used-in-business-2/